Sumerians: Who Were They?
The Sudden Civilization
by Walter Baucum

A question that has fascinated archaeologists and historians for centuries is just who were the Sumerians, the “sudden civilization” that appeared in full swing in Mesopotamia over 4,000 years ago?
The Almighty repeated to Isaac an unconditional promise He had made with Abraham:
Gen. 26: 3-5, 24 (TKN) Reside in this land, and I will be with you and bless you; I will assign all these lands to you and to your heirs, fulfilling the oath that I swore to your father Abraham. I will make your heirs as numerous as the stars of heaven, and assign to your heirs all these lands, so that all the nations of the earth shall bless themselves by your heirs—inasmuch as Abraham obeyed Me and kept My charge: My Commandments, My Laws, and My Teachings... That night YHWH appeared to him and said, ‘I am YHWH of your father Abraham. Fear not, for I am with you, and I will bless you and increase your offspring for the sake of My servant Abraham.’”
Isaac’s son Jacob [Israel] inherited this promise. It is our contention that the United States, the British Commonwealth countries, Western Europe, and Scandinavia are the Israelite Tribes and therefore the inheritors of this promise to our forefathers. But who were the Sumerians, and what do they have to do with us today?
Israel, Isaac, and Abraham can be traced back to Shem, one of the three sons of Noah. Shem’s lineage inherited the responsibility of keeping intact the knowledge and true worship of the CREATOR.
Shem was the great-grandfather of Eber (Gen. 10:21). The word Hebrew is a derivative of the word Eber (Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance numbers H5680, H5677, and H5674). Shem was born 98 years before the Flood of Noah’s time and lived 502 years after it. He likely began his kingdom before the Deluge, continuing it afterwards with his own name Shem, or Sem. The “r” in Sumer was not pronounced in the Hebrew, nor was the “h.” It was from his name that we know it today as the Sumerian civilization. See also Genesis 11:10-30.
It was an advanced civilization undoubtedly because of their close contact with our CREATOR and their being taught by Him through righteous Noah. This “instant civilization” replaced the earlier [some likely having started immediately after the Flood] primitive peoples called Hassuna, Samarra, Halafian, and ‘Ubaid in the Mesopotamian delta area. The Sumerian civilization was in full swing by 2900 BCE and depended heavily on trade with areas outside Mesopotamia. It flourished until approximately 2000 BCE, at which time it was eclipsed by Babylonian power.
“The Sumerians not only developed a civilization, but they also were the first people in human history to record their literature and beliefs in writing. They set down age-old legends of great floods and of warring gods that were to survive through the millennia to become part of the ‘Old Testament’ and part of the cultural heritage of Western Civilization.”[1]
The Advanced Civilization
Some amazing firsts of the Sumerians as interpreted and written by Zecharia Sitchin are given in brief by Lloyd Pye. Some also were quoted from noted Sumerologist Samuel Kramer’s seminal work, From the Tablets of Sumer.
They include the first schools, bicameral congress, historians, pharmacopoeia, “farmer’s almanac,” cosmogony and cosmology, proverbs and sayings, literary debates, library catalogues, law codes and social reforms, medicine, agriculture, and search for world peace and harmony.
The schools taught language and writing, as well as the sciences of the day—botany, zoology, geography, mathematics, and theology. Literary works were studied and copied, and new ones were composed. The language itself was a marvel, with its “precise grammar and rich vocabulary.” Cuneiform, the world’s first writing, ultimately evolved into a very simple and efficient technique.
We sometimes do not give the ancients credit for their vast knowledge. 1 Kings 4:30-34 says that King Solomon knew these sciences well, probably passed down to him through Shem’s lineage.
Sumerian scribes covered a remarkable range of topics, including “cosmological tales, epic poems, histories of kings, temple records, commercial contracts, marriage and divorce records, astronomical tables, astrological forecasts, mathematical formulas, geographic lists, grammar and vocabulary school texts.”
These people also founded the first true cities, each having 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants. When a city became too large to be easily manageable, part of the population left to create a new city that could grow without constraint. This indicated definite urban planning, which even our modern city planners fail to do sometimes. Cities were laid out in grids, with streets easing congestion between houses and buildings, and facilitating movement and commerce. Post-Sumerian cultures tended to sprawl haphazardly around a village-sized center. Sumerian city centers were dominated by magnificent high-rise palaces and temples [ziggurats], which were built to exact specifications outlined in detailed architectural plans. City perimeters were walled for defense. Water was supplied by brilliant canal and aqueduct systems, and they had equally clever drainage and sewage disposal.
They began reinforcing clay bricks with chopped reeds and straw, to which they added the kiln furnace to fire those bricks, making them strong enough and durable enough to construct their high-rises and temples (some over 100 feet tall), as well as to pave streets. These kilns also forged the first durable pottery, such as cups, bowls, plates, urns, storage vessels, etc. This led directly to the first age of metals, the Bronze Age, because it allowed intense but controllable temperatures to be contained in furnaces without contamination from dust or ashes. Metallurgy in turn led to the first money (coins) and banking.[2]
Concerning metals, Dr. Wilhelm Konig, an Austrian archaeologist employed by the Iraq Museum, unearthed in 1936 a 2000-year-old vase, six inches high, which contained inside it a copper cylinder set in pitch, and inside that an iron rod secured with an asphalt plug. It resembled others in the Berlin Museum, some larger with a repetition of the cylinder settings. It occurred to some, including Dr. Konig, that these might be dry cell batteries, which, understandably, were no longer in working condition after several thousand years. However, when they were exactly reconstructed and provided with a new electrolyte, they worked. This ancient use of electricity might of course prove only that electric power was used for electroplating metals with gold and silver, as is still done in the bazaars of the Middle East. It is unclear if this was a Sumerian invention, but electroplating of metals was found to be an ancient Israelite skill also.[3]
Because no ores were there except naphtha, which was asphalts and bitumens that seeped to the surface, Sumerians had to locate and retrieve mineral ores from wherever they existed to supply their furnaces. This led them to develop the first extensive international trade routes by using naphtha as their principle medium of exchange. They used it also for road surfacing, waterproofing, caulking, cementing, painting, and molding. This extensive use of petroleum products led to the development of advanced chemistry needed to create a wide range of paints and pigments, pottery glazes, and the artificial production of semiprecious stones like lapis lazuli.
There is evidence that as these Sumerians spread out to different parts of the world, perhaps even to every continent on earth, they mapped it and used what today we call the zodiac as a direction finder. The first so-called zodiacs were direction maps that radiated out from Sumer and which used the star configurations as compass points.
Some Other Firsts of the Sumerians
What else did these Sumerians do? Pye continues:
“They produced poetry, songs, and dances, through which, the Greek scholar Philo claimed, they sought to gain ‘worldwide harmony and unison.’
“Sumerians also created an efficient system of mathematics based on the number 60 (called sexagesimal). It enabled them easily to divide into tiny fractions and to multiply with equal ease into the millions and to calculate roots and raise numbers by any power. The 60-second minute and 60-minute hour are two vestiges remaining from the original system. So are the 360-degree circle, the 12-inch foot, and the dozen.” [These measurements are still used by the U.S. and Great Britain countries, whose citizens are, we contend, some of the progeny of the Sumerians through Israel and Abraham (Flavius Josephus says that Abram taught the Egyptians mathematics and engineering).]
“Closely related to their mathematics was their geometry, which permitted their engineers to survey, level, and construct highly intricate and efficient irrigation systems for their widespread agriculture. That geometry also contributed to their astonishingly complete astronomy.
“The Sumerians developed a wide array of musical instruments—lutes, harps, flutes, pipes—and a playing system much like the heptatonic-diatonic scale used today.”[4]
Astronomical Firsts
Some astronomical firsts of the Sumerians are amazing. Their very accurate calendars were fashioned around the mind-boggling timeframe of 25,920 years, the “Great Year” based on a sophisticated celestial phenomenon known as precession [the time Earth’s polar axis needs to circle the sky and point again at the same North Star]. They predicted sun risings and settings that were accurate enough to predict eclipses. Necessary to predict eclipses was knowledge of the shapes, movements, and relationships between the earth, moon, and sun. They accomplished this by using the same heliacal system we use today, by measuring the rising and setting of the stars and planets in our skies relative to the sun.
They kept accurate ephemerides, tables that predicted future positions of celestial bodies. “Those ephemerides were not based on observations, which were impossible with the naked eye, but on mathematical formulas governed by rules handed down from some as yet undetermined source.” They also understood the celestial phenomenon known as retrograde, the erratic motion of the other planets relative to Earth caused by Earth’s faster or slower orbital speed around the sun. It required an extremely long period—several centuries—to grasp the idea of retrograde and successfully track it.
They did their astronomical tracking using a complex method of spherical geometry, which postulated a round earth with an equator and poles. They knew Earth and the other planets moved around the sun in a flat plane of an ecliptic, which over the course of a year resulted in gradual north-south shifts of sunrises and sunsets along Earth’s horizon, producing equinoxes and solstices. These sophisticated concepts are utilized by modern astronomers in the same manner.[5]
They also lend credence to Scripture that the knowledge of the CREATOR of the solar system, indeed, the entire universe, was passed down through Noah and Shem and their progeny. Berlitz mentions something of interest.
“A number of star features that could not be seen without the use of a telescope were given the same names in different languages in both the Old and New Worlds. Such was the Scorpion, a star cluster containing a comet, which reminded both the (Sumero-) Babylonians and the Maya of Central America of a scorpion and was called by that name by both races. Greek astronomers adopted the observation of the Babylonians that Uranus regularly covered its moons, an occurrence also unable to be seen by the naked eye, and converted it to a legend that the god Uranus had the habit of alternately eating and later disgorging his children.
“In mythology, Mars, the god of war, had two fierce horses, Phoebos (fear) and Deimos (terror), to pull his chariot, the planet Mars, a legend possibly drawn from ancient knowledge that Mars had two moons. But in the centuries between ancient and modern civilization, the moons of Mars were forgotten until Ashap Hall saw them by telescopic observation in 1877 and appropriately named them after the war god’s two horses. [Jonathan Swift, in Gulliver’s Travels (1726), wrote that Mars had two moons and correctly gave their dimensions and distance from the planet.]
“The ancient references, which are really astronomical data disguised as legends, to the two moons of Mars, the multiple moons of Jupiter, the five disappearing and reappearing moons of Uranus, the nine moons of Saturn, and even the horns of Venus, suggest that astronomers of former cultures were capable of using artificial sight amplification that was probably a form of telescope.
“The modern telescope was not invented until 1609, but ground-glass artifacts found at different archaeological sites seem to indicate that the ancients were able to manufacture an optical lens.”[6]
As mentioned, they fashioned the first zodiac [called “the Shining Herd”] as direction points for maps, dividing the heavens into twelve distinct houses. Early on, the pagan Babylonian priesthood turned this zodiac into a religious thing, forcing the people to worship the stars instead of the true CREATOR.
Today, we ask why a primitive people barely out of the Stone Age would conceivably need such astronomical knowledge, much less know how to calculate the spherical planet movements in ecliptic orbits around a relatively stationary sun.
Not only did they seem to know about Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto, but also they described Uranus and Neptune as “watery twins” with “blue-green” color. When Zecharia Sitchin reported this in 1976, every astronomer on earth believed his account was utter nonsense. Then, in 1986, when the Voyager satellite passed Uranus to photograph it for the first time, it was, indeed, found to be watery [its surface was a kind of slushy ice] and it was colored blue-green. “Three years later, in 1989, Voyager reached Neptune, the ‘twin’ of Uranus. A few months earlier, Sitchin had written an article detailing precisely what Voyager would find, based on the Sumerian texts. He submitted it to magazines around the world, several of who published it; however, none in the heavily co-opted U.S. dared to. Surely enough, Voyager found Neptune was just as the Sumerians had claimed: a blue-green ball of slushy ice!”[7]
Also, the Sumerian “Epic of Creation” has obvious parallels to the Hebrew Scriptures’ Book of Genesis. Called Enuma Elish, it is an allegory that relates a complex, thrilling tale of battles raging between fearsome “gods” in heaven.
What can we make of this? Both Pye and Sitchin seem to believe in things [and gods] taken point blank from the Sumerian writings, and who take them quite more literally than most people have done. Without going into more detail about these translations, Sitchin basically believes in another planet in our solar system, so far not discovered by modern science, that comes around only once in every 3,600 years. Their inhabitants came to earth and, by gene-splicing and genetic manipulation of themselves with Neanderthals [or Homo erectus], created modern man for the purpose of slave labor.
On one of its passes through our solar system, it destroyed a planet between Mars and Jupiter, causing part of it to zing toward an orbit around Earth to become our moon, and the rest to become known as the asteroid belt. These very likely could have been literal cosmic events embellished profusely by literary-minded people who over time kept the knowledge alive with imaginative additions.
According to their writings, it was these other-planet people [Nibiru was the planet’s name] who taught the early Sumerians all that is listed above. A better explanation, though, and one which a number of Biblical scholars ascribe to, is that the CREATOR Himself taught mankind all these things, making pre-Flood peoples much more knowledgeable and advanced than we ever have given them credit for. If such be the case, Shem, who was 98 years old when the Flood came, started this Sumerian civilization probably prior to the Flood and continued it for centuries after it. This would explain the “sudden civilization” in that area of the world after the waters receded. Before Babel, when the languages were confounded, all of these children of Shem, Ham, and Japheth would have been living virtually together. Shem’s lineage retained this knowledge, while the other two sons of Noah rejected or perverted it.
A definite split between the people of the CREATOR [Seth’s side] and Cain’s people is shown in pre-Flood Biblical literature. Many believe that Ham married a woman who had been indoctrinated with the Cain side of believers, and that she seduced Ham into the same belief. For it was on Ham’s side that Nimrod, the arch rebel (called the “mighty hunter before[8] the CREATOR” in the KJV) injected this false belief system onto the world that he conquered.
Sumerian Migrations
Sumerians appeared full-blown, their only precursor being a very primitive agrarian society called the ‘Ubaids. ‘Ubaids were a village-based society of farmers. They exhibited very few of the hallmarks of the very advanced Sumerians who provided all subsequent civilizations with over 100 “firsts” ascribed to every superior society.
Perhaps some of these earlier groups could have been from Cain’s side. Seth’s side, down through the Flood and afterward, would have been obedient to the Almighty and taught by Him, whereas Cain’s side would have lacked that privilege. This would explain the Sumerians’ prowess in astronomy, math, engineering, navigation, law, etc. However, Cain’s descendants knew that the best way to capture people’s minds was by “religion.”
Today’s world religions that characterize the original “anti-Creator” way of life historically have kept the people not only “enslaved,” but also in most cases more primitive than their counterparts. Wherever these enlightened Sumerians traveled to, the people [they met] were brought up to a higher level of affluence and civilization. This later became an Israelite [trait] as they too traveled to different parts of the globe.
Gen 22:15-18 “The angel of the ETERNAL called to Abraham a second time from heaven, and said, ‘By Myself I swear, the ETERNAL declares: Because you have done this and have not withheld your son, your favored one, I will bestow My blessing upon you and make your descendants as numerous as the stars of heaven and the sands on the seashore; and your descendants shall seize the gates of their foes. All the nations of the earth shall bless themselves by your descendants, because you have obeyed My command’” [italics added].
One example to illustrate this point is that since many Sumerian cultural items have been found in Greece, we can assume that some of the Sumerians migrated there, perhaps early on during the time that Nimrod was establishing his world empire. Berlitz mentions, “An encrusted and fused metallic object containing wheels, found by divers in 1900 on the sea bottom near Antikythera in the Mediterranean Sea, was relegated to the Athens Museum, where it was tentatively qualified as a child’s toy because of the wheels. Upon re-examination and a series of chemical baths under the direction of Derek DeSolla Price, the author and archaeologist, the wheels proved to be gears, and the object, according to what could be read on the metal, turned out to be a ‘star computer’ to shoot the sun, moon, and stars [to determine their positions]. The use of such a technical aid, the only one yet found, implies a much greater knowledge of navigation and archaeology among Cretan and early Greek sea captains than was previously suspected. They would have had the ability to sail by night out of sight of land and perhaps past the Pillars of Hercules to the far islands of the Atlantic Sea.”[9]
Also, the Sumerian Phalanx[10] was imported to Greece. Centuries later, Philip of Macedonia perfected it, and his son Alexander marched through the Persian Empire with it. Evidence exists that Alexander’s empire was an Israelite empire.
The people of Sumer traveled far and wide in search of raw materials and luxury imports. Life without trade was impossible. They carried their political, religious, and other cultural ideas with them. Their advanced knowledge allowed them to be established in positions of rule and authority wherever they went.
This corroborates too the early nautical position that Shem’s lineage carried on. It will be shown that Danite Phoenicians, the Sea Peoples, the Israelite Empire under Kings David and Solomon, the Greeks, the Libyans, the Carthaginians, and the Celts continued this tradition. Today, the Israelite Tribes of the United States and Great Britain are still nautical powers.
Both sides at various times spread throughout the world, apparently Cain’s side (carried on by Nimrod’s Babylonians) going first in most cases and Seth’s side (Shem’s “Sumerians”) following. We have example after example of a “ruling hierarchy” moving into these backward areas and pulling up the people to a higher standard of civilization.
Since Shem lived 98 years before the Flood, he could have taken his side to a very advanced degree of civilization afterwards, bringing Sumeria’s influence to these other post-Flood people. The Hebrew Scriptures contend that Noah’s Flood was worldwide. Whether the false religion was started by Cain and then carried across the Flood by Noah’s son Ham, to be continued by Cush, Nimrod, and Semiramis, or whether it began with Nimrod and his wife is inconsequential. Alexander Hislop says that Noah’s son Cush (Nimrod’s father) started it. Two chief “religions,” Nimrod’s and Shem’s, were extant in the ancient world [and still are today].
Conquest and Sumerian Displacement
At one time in history, the Tribe of Ham led by Nimrod, conquered the Sumerian (Shem-ite) cities in Mesopotamia. His probably was the first world empire.
Ancient Irish records tell about a Ninus who came to Britain, but who left and allowed the land to lie uninhabited for three or four centuries, until other people began to trickle in. Ninus, or the Nimrod of the Hebrew Scriptures, also probably caused a mass migration of Shem-ites out of the land of Sumeria, especially those who refused to go along with the pagan religion imposed on the populace by him and his mother-wife, Semiramis. Some of these displaced people went to present-day Palestine and some to other parts of the world, such as Peru and Mexico.
Nimrod brought with his empire this anti-Creator’s way of life, which undoubtedly caused his own demise, for history recounts how Shem, a “preacher of righteousness” who had gone to live where Jerusalem is today, had to chase him down and kill him. Tradition says he was killed on a Friday in Egypt, which was part of his empire at that time. Nimrod’s wife-mother, Semiramis (they were called Isis and Osiris in Egypt), claimed he was resurrected the following Sunday and lives today in spirit form. To commemorate his death, a forty-days’ period of mourning was instituted by his wife/mother. Another name for him was Bacchus, meaning, “the Lamented one.” Among the Phoenicians, Bacchos meant “weeping.” As the women wept for Tammuz (Ezekiel 8:14), so did they for Bacchus. Hislop reveals that this is where the “weeping for Tammuz” came, Tammuz being another name of Nimrod. This season of “weeping” is believed by some to be our modern days “Lent.”[11]
Proof exists also that Shem was the Scriptural Melchizedek, an ancient man so old that he was thought to be without mother or father. He had gone to live in Salem, which later came to be known as Jerusalem. Abraham gave a tenth of the spoils of war to him after the battle with the Kings (Genesis 14:14-16).
Biblical chronology (Hislop, p. 6) says that 1987 BCE is when Nimrod was killed, his body cut in pieces, and these pieces sent to the major nations of the world as a warning against apostasy. Shem died 1846 BCE and Abraham was born 1996 BCE.
When Nimrod began his kingdom and apostasy, he and his mother-wife Semiramis early began insinuating their false religion, and warfare, into and onto that great Sumerian civilization. Many “Semites” fled to various parts of the world, bringing their advanced knowledge and skills with them. Old Shem himself moved to and dwelt in Salem. He is known in Scripture as Melchizedek, and Salem is Jerusalem, which means “city of peace.” It was the same area that the patriarch Abram later migrated to, he and his progeny being known as “shepherd kings” (see chapter on Hyksos).
These Sumerians (Shem-ites) were so far advanced that some authors, including Jean Hunt, claim they were from Atlantis. The analogy fits. Shem’s great pre-flood civilization, with its cities and science, was sunk (beneath the Flood), and Ham, probably jealous of his brother Shem, began to take over immediately post-Flood after its sudden reappearance. Of Ham’s four sons (Cush, Canaan, Mizraim, Phut), Cush begat this Nimrod, the “mighty hunter before (against) the ETERNAL.” Genesis 10:10 says, “And the beginning of his (Nimrod’s) kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh.”
Now a beginning naturally implies something to succeed, and in verse 11 we find it. “Out of that land he [Asshur] went forth, being made strong [or when he had been made strong], and builded Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah.” This exactly agrees with the statement in the ancient history of Justin;
‘Ninus strengthened the greatness of his acquired dominion by continued possession. Having subdued, therefore, his neighbors, when, by an accession of forces being still further strengthened, he went forth against other tribes, and every new victory paved the way for another, he subdued all the peoples of the East.’
“Thus, then, Nimrod, or Ninus, was the builder of Nineveh; and the origin of the name of that city, as ‘the habitation of Ninus,’ is accounted for, and light is thereby, at the same time, cast on the fact that the name of the chief part of the ruins of Nineveh is Nimroud at this day.
“‘Ninus, king of the Assyrians,’ says Trogus Pompeius, epitomized by Justin, first of all changed the contented moderation of the ancient manners, incited by a new passion, the desire of conquest. He was the first who carried on war against his neighbors, and he conquered all nations from Assyria to Libya, as they were yet unacquainted with the arts of war.”[12]
Note that the word “Assyrians” has wide latitude of meaning among the classic authors, encompassing Babylonians, Chaldeans, and Assyrians.
Hislop believed that Babylon could not properly have existed as a city till Nimrod, by establishing his power there, made it the foundation and starting point of his greatness. Although the Hebrew Scriptures say that the beginning of his kingdom was Babylon, our understanding is that the Babel builders, when their speech was confounded, were scattered abroad on the face of the earth, and they therefore deserted both the city and the tower which they had commenced to build. Nimrod’s father, Cush, a son of Ham, the son of Noah, is credited with starting the building of Babel, as he also is credited with starting the great apostasy that Nimrod continued.[13]
Sumerian Influence and Empire Building
Proof exists that the Sumerians were the first of the “empire” builders that passed through the lineage of Shem and Abraham, and which Israel inherited and continued, right up to the present in which the United States and the British Commonwealth countries (Israelite Tribes grown into nations) continued. Whether Sumeria was an empire, or just an advanced “civilization,” its influence was worldwide. Jean Hunt makes some interesting comments:
“Joseph Campbell wrote an exhaustive study of mythology in four volumes, under the umbrella-title, The Masks of G-d. In these volumes, he examined the oral and written literature, and history, art, archaeological data, and anthropological information on living primitive groups. The first volume was printed in 1959, the last in 1968; Campbell therefore did not have the benefit of the definitive dating which began appearing in the mid-1970s. He commented on an odd ‘truncation,’ not explainable by the data available at that time: the major reservoirs of information began in Sumer (Italics added), about 4000 BCE, and spread out swiftly into Africa, Europe, India, China, and North and South America within a 2000-year period. Campbell remarked on this sudden ‘mushrooming’ of literacy, astronomy, mathematics, formalized religion, and the invention of the wheel with no then-known ‘bed,’ other than the microlithic flints of the Capsian ‘Mesolithic’ culture.
“The new dating information, which places a highly sophisticated, technologically advanced civilization in Western Europe, moving outward and spreading its culture, partly closes the gap; the continuity of their religion, in particular, is suggested by practices involving a priesthood, hero themes, puberty rites, names of gods, rites and rituals, and other elements, especially when exactly similar details are found in widely separated geographical areas and culture groups.”[14]
Just how far did Shem’s empire extend, and how far did his influence spread? Claiming no absolute certainty, we see Sumerian examples of language, building structures, and other examples all around the world. Even religious and mythological similarities abound.
Considering the similarities of language, culture, and religion, from the Indus Valley to the Middle East, Jean Hunt[15] says:
“The Sumerians...in their ancient traditions remembered that the civilization of their country and the art of writing had come from the East. The Babylonian priest Berossus, while writing the history of Mesopotamia in the third century BCE, carefully collected all the ancient traditions of the land...he avers that in very early times there was no civilization in the land and that its people were like brutes...some people came from the east by sea and taught them civilization and the art of writing.”
Note that “coming by sea” could mean coming across the Flood waters, probable indication being that Shem’s kingdom had risen before the Flood and continued after it. Remember that Shem was almost 100 years old at the time of the Deluge. “Shem” means “the Appointed One” his pre-eminence was divinely destined to him, of the three sons of Noah.
Regarding skeletal findings and other evidence of relationship between (Minoan Crete) and the people in India, Sumer, and Egypt, Hunt (still quoting Heras) says,
“...Skull measurements have shown that it would be difficult to choose between the primitive Indian or Egyptian series as the group to which the Sumerians are closer. It is acknowledged moreover that Egypt received the main elements of its civilization from the lands of Mesopotamia where an older civilization was already in existence (Italics added). The first Pre-dynastic Culture forms the foundation of the later Egyptian development and was no doubt due in the main to the native Hamitic population of North Africa carrying on the tradition of the higher type of culture that had been introduced into the Nile valley by the Badarian people (of Sumer). It underwent a still further development at a later period owing to the appearance in Egypt of the new type of civilization known as the second Pre-dynastic Culture (which is described as Semitic from Palestine).
“Poisson acknowledges that the cult of Osiris (Nimrod and the pagan religion) owes its origin to the Asiatic current, just as the cult of Set (Seth, the son of Adam and representing the true ‘religion’) is due to another race; the fight between these two gods personifies the fight of the two races. There is evidence of specific contact between Egypt and Sumerian culture during the period of the rise and establishment of the Egyptian kingdom.”[16]
If not a world empire by military conquest, the Sumerian civilization was, at the very least, a worldwide “empire” with its cultural and scientific influences.
A Closer Look at “Semites”
Today the word “Semitic” is used to refer to Jews, but how accurate is this? The word is a derivation of the name Shem, one of three sons of Noah who came across the Flood. Shem’s sons were Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram (Genesis 10:22). The Patriarch Abraham traced his lineage through Heber from Arphaxad, being called in Scripture “The first Hebrew” from Heber, and undoubtedly retaining the same language, the original language, intact through the confusing of tongues at the Tower of Babel.
Abraham’s son Isaac had two sons, Esau and Jacob. Jacob’s name was changed to Israel, and one of his sons, Judah, became the Jews, the so-called “Semites” of today. However, all the tribes-turned-nations claiming descent from Noah’s son Shem could make the same claim. Elam and Asshur founded the nations of Elam and Assyria, well-known historical nations. The descendants of Aram became the Aramaean people whose name was attached to a Semitic language called Aramaic.
Abraham had many other descendants who also can be called Semites. This included Ishmael, his son by his Egyptian concubine-wife Hagar, who married an Egyptian woman and gave rise to the Arab race. Arabs, then, are Semites. Another wife of Abraham was Keturah. The majority of Semites in the world are not Jews. The term “Jew” itself can be used in both a racial and religious sense. One can thereby be a Jew in religion but not necessarily in race or nationality.
The modern nation of “Israel” is very much a misnomer. Its true name of “Judah” would be much more appropriate, since the Jews comprised just one Tribe of Israel. After the split at Solomon’s death, the northern ten Tribes came to be called “Israel.” The southern kingdom was composed of the Tribes of Judah (the “Jews”), Levi (the Levitical Priesthood), and a small part of Benjamin. It is these three Tribes that the world calls “Israel” today.
Other Sumerian Influences
How much did the Sumerians influence language around the world? We find evidence of the language from almost every continent. Below is a list of Akkadian loan words in Eskimo, as well as Egyptian and Berber-Polynesian words.
Esk. tigu, take. Akkad. digu, fetch.
Esk. keroa, lamenting. Akkad. killu, lamenting.
Esk. kelu, inferior. Akkad. galalu, small, insignificant.
Esk. kollu, basket. Akkad. xaru, receptacle.
Esk. karao, cry out. Akkad. qalu, call. Egypt, karuai, a call, a cry.
Esk. alukta, sack. Egypt. karekta, basket.
Esk. pelekta, cut out. Egypt. perekh. Akkad. Paraku, split, separate.
Esk. ukarua, soft soil. Egypt. kheru, swamp.
Esk. pok, container. Poly. poha, basket.
Esk. kopah, half. Poly. kapa, half.
Esk. ublar, morning. Berb. ibaribar, dawnrise.
Esk. putuk, hole. Poly. poutag, steep.
“...There are many hybridized Egypto-Berber-Polynesian languages, and in any one of them, some Akkadian words are likely to turn up. And, of course, it is entirely possible that Eskimo derives these loan words from two or more independent culture contacts.”[17]
Trans-oceanic contacts and migrations are part of the traditions of many nations, including “Native” American cultures. “In (Nez Perce) Chief Joseph’s medicine pouch was found a 1 inch square ceramic tablet inscribed with cuneiform, which was deciphered by a cuneiform specialist as a receipt for a lamb or calf to be used in an offering in the Persian Gulf in about 2042 BCE.”[18]
Flavin comments considerably on the influence of writing by use of ancient calendar signs. “There is,” he said (quoting Dr. Hugh A. Moran’s The Alphabet and the Ancient Calendar Signs), “...a vast body of evidence suggesting the Chinese system of writing and the alphabet were both inspired by an ancient twenty-eight sectioned lunar zodiac, or calendar, which Moran believed was Chaldean in origin.”[19] (Be reminded that the original calendar in the Hebrew Scriptures given by CREATOR to His followers was lunar based, not solar.)
Flavin, continuing, says, “Moran rightly made much of the fact that the Chinese lunar zodiac contains ‘the ox’ and is followed by ‘woman, daughter,’ and the Hebrew alphabet that begins with Aleph or ‘the bull’ also is followed by Beth or ‘a daughter.’ Another noteworthy correspondence is the meander M, the 13th letter of the alphabet and meaning waters in Semitic, matching the 13th constellation from the ox, which may represent the crossing of the ecliptic by the Milky Way, or the River of heaven. It was unfortunately beyond Moran to offer a theoretical mechanism whereby the lunar zodiacs diffused over such great distances, though he believed it was through the Sumero-Babylonians” (Italics added).
Although Moran failed to demonstrate adequately why the calendar signs served as the structural basis for written characters in Asia, the Near East, and Europe, the day names of the Mayan calendar convinced him the lunar zodiac, even in the New World, was culturally significant and served as the basis for the hieroglyphic writing system of the Maya.
Flavin further says, “Professor Cyrus H. Gordon was one of the first scholars to publish accessible information on the importance of the cuneiform alphabet from the Bronze Age kingdom of Ugarit, located by modern boundaries in western Syria. The Ugarit cuneiform alphabet is among the earliest and best understood examples of the alphabet...the mechanism Prof. Gordon offered for the distribution of lunar zodiacs and the diffusion of the alphabet was an ancient global network of mariners sharing basic elements of a common culture (Italics added).
“In 1965, publishing in the same journal as Vander Waerden had sixteen years previously, Willy Hartner detailed his conclusions of a zodiacal constellation tradition which was fixed before c. 4000 BCE...Hartner admits the earliest constellation names are Sumerian.”[20]
Early Sumerians might have influenced Japan too. There are “...strong parallels between the ancient cultures of Japan and the Near East in areas involving mythology and religion. For example, the name Sumer in ancient cuneiform texts was written as Ki – En – Gi (-RA), which means ‘The Land of Rushes.’ Until W.W.II, the Japanese called Japan ‘the country of abundant water rushes and rice plains.’ Rushes are a species of rice, and their presence would indicate a fertile environment for rice culture. The symbolism of rushes might have developed as part of primitive agriculture, becoming an archetypal association which also involved its use for thatched roofing, boats, baskets, floor coverings, etc. in ancient times. The mythic Sumerian hero Gilgamesh survived the great flood in a ship built of rushes.”[21]
Cylinder Stones found in the Kenu area of Japan had engravings on them that reminded the author of the Sumerian myth of Inanna, queen of the sky and rich harvests. He also saw a surprising parallel between the Sumerian myth of Inanna and the Mysterious Festival enacted at Kasukawa Village. The word “Kasukawa” itself “...reminds us of rushes. ‘Kasu’ means sweet fermented rice grounds used for sake brewing and ‘kawa’ means river.”
Similar beliefs, of course, could have been held by different peoples, both before and after the confusion of tongues at Babel. After that event, much mixing and mingling of ideas, innovations, and literature would have been evident. Rather than Sumerians themselves going to these different places, perhaps just their ideas, myths, and other influences could have made the journeys as the people spread out. The greater weight of evidence, though, points to these Sumerian people as being great navigators and world travelers who created the “zodiac” as compass points and who undoubtedly visited and colonized other parts of the earth, bringing their advanced ideas with them.
Sumerian Fashion Influence
A brief look at fashions, shows further Sumerian influence. An interesting comparison of fashions of those of Dilmun and Sumer was done by Ali Akbar Habib Bushiri, the Director of the Bahrain Research and Service Centre.
The cultures of Dilmun and Sumer shared a common fashion, which was interesting because Dilmun seemed to copy the fashions of Sumer rather than its closer Indus Valley fashions. “By 2400 BCE, the Dilmun culture started to change from Sumerian to Akkadian fashions. This period marked the decline of Sumer. Why did not the Dilmun culture develop its own independent fashions like the Sumer and Indus Valley civilizations [had done]? They were without doubt independently developed, but why were their fashions of Sumerian or Mesopotamian origin?”
His study found no noticeable differences between Dilmun and Sumerian fashions. He believes it very probable that the Dilmun culture was of Sumerian origin, thus showing one more argument that Sumeria settled in, or carried its influence to, many parts of the world.
Not surprisingly, the author found that all the hair and hat styles found carved on Dilmun seals are of Sumerian origin, with a few examples of the Accadian style, and that being after the decline of Sumer as a cultural power.
The hair and hat styles were the same. “The Sumerian men were either clean-shaven or wore long beards and had long hair parted in the middle...(which) was then plaited into a pigtail and wound around the head. They often wore an elaborate headdress consisting of hair-ribbons, beads, and pendants.
“One noticeable difference between Dilmun and Sumerian styles was that the men of Dilmun wore (the same) trimmed beards, but shaved their upper lips. Their hair was rolled into a bean at the back and held by a fillet.”
The Sumerian men’s beards were used also by the Akkadians in the style of Sargon the Great, meaning that the beards were long, thick-shaped, and triangular, with their width decreasing as they went down. The other Sumerian style, as mentioned, was clean-shaven. This style was without moustache or beard, and with no hair on the head. It was used frequently with the Kodia hat, or the Amamah.
Bushiri’s conclusion: “There are no different Dilmunian and Sumerian fashions. The origin of Dilmun fashions is totally Sumerian, showing a strong Sumerian social influence.”[22]
Conclusion
A myriad of evidence shows the Sumerians to have been a worldwide empire, with their influence found in many nations on the earth. “The ancient Hebrew-Israelites were descended from Shem, from whom came the Sumerians in Mesopotamia, founders of early civilization.”[23]
Later we will find that these Israelites carried on the Sumerian’s cultural and empire-building traditions, down through, and by right of, the Covenant Promise to Abraham, establishing empires and spreading the same culture to all corners of the globe.
Footnotes
[1] Fagan, Brian M., People of the Earth, pp. 329, 343.
[2] Pye, Lloyd, Everything You Know Is Wrong, p. 192.
[3] Berlitz, Charles, Atlantis the Eighth Continent, pp. 128-129.
[4] Pye, p. 195.
[5] Ibid., pp. 195-196.
[6] Berlitz, p. 124.
[7] Pye, p. 198.
[8] The English word “before” in Gen 10:9 is defined in Gesenius’ Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament by H.W.F. Gesenius (numbers H6437 and H6440) as “C) before, in front of manifest loathing in their countenances. D-2) before as taking the lead, chiefly used of a general or leader... to meet anyone frequently with a hostile sense. G-1) to the face, before the face” or today “in your face.” Therefore, a better reading of Gen 10:9 (KJV) is “a mighty hunter in place of the CREATOR.”
[9] Berlitz, p. 128. It also could have been an invention of Israelites, since some later colonized Greece.
[10] A military formation of infantry carrying overlapping shields and long spears.
[11] Hislop, Alexander, The Two Babylons, p. 21.
[12] Ibid., pp. 6, 25, 26. Hislop is quoting Justin, Hist. Rom. Script., Vol. II, p. 615.
[13] Ibid., p. 23.
[14] Hunt, Jean, Tracking the Flood Survivors, p. 259.
[15] Hunt is quoting H. Heras’, Studies in Proto-Indo-Mediterranean Culture, Bombay Indian Historical Research Institute, Bombay, India, 1953.
[16] Ibid., pp. 164-165.
[17] Ibid., p. 165.
[18] Dexter, Warren, “Correspondence,” Epigraphic Society Occasional Papers, (ESOP), 1998, p. 14.
[19] Flavin, Richard D., “The Karanovo Zodiac and Old European Linear,” ESOP, 1998, p. 86.
[20] Ibid., pp. 89-92.
[21] Fududa, Hideko, “From Japan to the Ancient Orient: a Consideration of Kenu District Rock Inscriptions,” ESOP, 1998, p. 100.
[22] Bushiri, Ali Akbar Habib, “Dilmun Fashion in the Third Millennium B.C.,” ESOP, 1986, p. 199-203.
[23] Davidy, Lost Israelite Identity, p. 9.

WHO WROTE THE NEW TESTAMENT?


The authorship of the New Testament books have been discovered. For years, the book
"The True Authorship of the New Testament" has been out and many persons have been
discovering this as well.


Now, we feel that it is time to put this information out on the Net. There has been a few
WebPages on the Net telling about how and why the Roman Piso family authored the New
Testament. But there had yet to be the information on who wrote each of the New Testament
books. So, here you will find out who wrote what. This information is copyrighted and
cannot be posted fully on the Internet. However, there is enough information here so that
persons can grasp the fact that this is real and that they can research it further as well as
find books that will help to explain this in more detail.


Soon, there will be new books out that will enable even the person to do their own research
on this and to verify it. Our goal in all of this is to get this out to as many persons as
possible and to see more and more persons writing on this subject. Look for books on the
subject of: 'The Piso Theory', and of 'The New Classical Scholarship'.


We have determined that the book of Mark was the first of the Gospels to have been
written and so we will always list Mark before Matthew.


THE NT BOOKS:


MARK: The gospel of Mark was written in a prototype form before it was later crafted
into the form that we are familiar with. The earlier version was called 'Ur Marcus' and is
also known/called 'Q' (for 'Quelle', which is German for the 'source').

Our latest findings regarding the early version of Mark show that this was written at about
the time of Claudius Caesar, by the grandfather of Arrius Piso. That version was apparently
only a bare sketch and most likely did not give a name to the 'messiah'. That appears to
have been done later by the person who actually played 'Jesus' in the Gospels - Arrius Piso


The version that we are familiar with was written about the year 73 CE by Arrius Calpurnius
Piso. Arrius Piso was a Roman on his father's side, but a descendant of King Herod on his
mother's side and therefore he knew well about the Jewish religion. He was also a close
relative to the Flavians and even though secretly he could inherit and use the Flavian name
by his mother's descent from them, he gave a story about receiving it from the emperor
Vespasian (in his other identity as Flavius Josephus).


MATTHEW: Matthew too, was authored by Arrius Calpurnius Piso. This was written about
the year 75 CE.


LUKE: Was written 85-90 CE by Arrius C. Piso and Pliny the Younger.


JOHN: The 4th Gospel, or the Gospel of John was written by Justus Calpurnius Piso, a son of
Arrius C. Piso. This son was very much like this father in his hatred towards humanity. This
Gospel was written circa 105 CE.


ACTS: The Acts of the Apostles was written by Arrius Piso and his son Justus, with some
help from Pliny the Younger 96-100 CE. By the way, there is a portion of Acts that is missing
from most English translations/interpretations. That is the 29th Chapter, which has 10 verses.


ROMANS: The epistle to the Romans was written by another son of Arrius Piso (Proculus Piso)
and Claudia Phoebe about the year 100. Claudia Phoebe is known in history as the wife of the
emperor Trajan (as Pompeia Plotina). She wrote the last few verses of this epistle, which many
copies of the NT in English leave out because that portion was written by a woman. This is
obvious, and she even gives her name as 'Phoebe'. You can tell where the previous male author
leaves off and the female author begins because the male author "signs off" with 'Amen'. She
wrote the last verses (25-27) of Romans, Chapter 16.


1st CORINTHIANS, GALATIONS, and EPHESIANS: were all written between 100-103 CE by
Pliny the Younger.


2nd CORINTHIANS and PHILIPPIANS: were written by Justus C. Piso between 103-105 CE.


COLOSSIANS: was written by Justus C. Piso and his son Julianus (Julianus was the father of
the emperor Marcus Aurelius, but this is seen in history only by his use of another name 'Verus').


1st TIMOTHY: was written by Pliny the Younger circa 105 CE.


2nd TIMOTHY: was written by Justus C. Piso (also known in history by other names), c. 107 CE.


1st and 2nd THESSALONIANS: were written by Justus C. Piso and his son Julianus with some help
from his nephew Silanus between the years 105-110 CE.


TITUS: was written by Pliny the Younger circa 103-105 CE.


PHILEMON: was written by Justus C. Piso and his son Julianus.


JAMES: was written by Justus C. Piso around 110 CE.


1st and 2nd PETER: were written by Proculus Piso between 110-115 CE.


1st, 2nd and 3rd JOHN: were written by Julius Calpurnius Piso (who was still another son of
Arrius Calpurnius Piso), between 110-115 CE.


JUDE: was written by Julius C. Piso also, between the years 110-115 CE.


THE REVELATION OF JOHN THE DIVINE: was written by Julius Calpurnius Piso, who
may have been the son of the other Julius Calpurnius Piso (who had the same name), and
this was written in or about the year 137 CE. It was not the book of the NT, just written as
the end of the story.


HEBREWS: This was written by a grandson of Arrius Piso named Flavius Arrianus circa
140 CE. Flavius Arrianus was the real name of the historian who wrote as 'Appian'. This
person was the half-brother of the emperor Antoninus Pius. Antoninus Pius, by the way,
also wrote history under the name of Suetonius. Flavius Arrianus also wrote other works,
most notably, he wrote under the name of 'Ptolemy'.
----------

" Mi Deseo"

Ke dias ermozos pasaron en mi manseves,
Kuando me rekuerdo d'akeyos tiempos kada ves,
En mi alma me siento un regreto inmenso
No me kedo mas akeyos plaseres ke penso.
*****
Me parese una vida komo un romanso
A las ermosuras d'antes mas no las alkanso.
Sin estar kanso era yeno de enerjiya
Una vida sin ansya , kon muncha alegriya.
*****
Akeya bivyenta se izo una historya,
Las miradas de akeyas ninyas eran glorya.
No kedo mas akeyos plaseres de los kantes
De los rankontros amorozos de los bezos d'antes.
*****
El gusto de los komerchos i las ambisyones
Davan un plaser de bivir kon sus emosyones.
Era yeno d'esperansas i kon pokas ansyas
El tino en las flortes,los dias en ganansyas.
*****
Agora dependes de la vida de tus ijos
Te okupas de sus vidas,sus echos,i dichos.
Ansyas i dezesperos los sientes komo tuyos,
Partajas sus angusyas ma los gozos son suyos.
*****
Nuestro plaser es de verlos siempre horozos,
Rogar kon esperansas por sus aktos ermozos.
Si demandan mi deseo d'alkavo kualo es?
Una vida kalma,una saludosa vyejes.
I bivir kon memoryas alegres en mi nido,
Sin dar enfastyo a mi doredor kerido.
Konservare los buenos suvenires en tino,
Fin al momento d'akel grande djuzgo divino .

Haim Vitali Sadacca
Montreal

Martín Micharvegas
San Fernando, Argentina - 1935


LABIOS LIBRES
Quedarán precisos como los golpes cortos de la historia larga
como la victoria de la frase de fuego sobre la traición
quedarán como el mentón en retirada sobre miles de sonrisas

quedarán semiabiertos como el desde que te vi que te quiero
herencia generosa como el desde que te vi que te adoro
hablando entre ellos apero y mula donde monta el héroe

quedarán oh la cabeza puesta a descansar sobre una piedra
sueño liviano sueño inquieto a ser invocado como aforismo
dos papeles carnales que envuelven la piedra rayana en la locura

quedarán ceñidos como el piolín que ajusta el envoltorio
y las estampillas con el paisaje en el rincón como retadas
y el matasello muerto sobre la dentadura blanca de la fecha

quedarán sorprendentes como abrir una caja llena de palabras
-lo que él bien sabe es el compacto paquete fatal de la poesía
y cada hilván nos dice cada nudo nos dice cada mala puntada

será el error inapreciable de nuestra vida errática en el tiempo
y cerrará todo aeropuerto a cualquier otro vuelo diurno
y el torrente nocturno como un film que se corta cesará

Buenos Aires, 1962; publicado en “La palabra es un hecho”, Madrid, 1980.

C Á P S U L A S
=XLVI=

Por: J.N.Robles Olarte

Ciertamente que es más que sorprendente observar las concepciones dañinas de algunos escritores del antiguo Cristianismo; han sido ruinosas hasta en los dogmas de su propia fe, y entre ellas la que tiene que ver con la “divinidad” de Jesús, ubicándolo a un mismo nivel de los semidioses paganos, probando con ello que tal creencia, que su divinidad se originó, en verdad, en una misma fuente, la pagana.

En un principio Jesús, el Cristo, no fue considerado, en términos generales, como un “dios” en la carne, ni aún por sus mismos seguidores hasta unos trescientos (300) años después de su muerte, cuando el Emperador Constantino lo calificó, graciosamente, como un “dios del mismo dios” – circunstancia en si misma insuficiente como para establecer la conclusión de que él no poseyó en ningún momento tal carácter. Todo ello no es sino la resultante de la ignorancia y tendencia supersticiosa y, agregamos nosotros, a la proclividad humana a la idolatría. Es muy diferente ADORAR que IDOLATRAR! Al Eterno Creador se le ADORA, pero a los ídolos se les IDOLATRA. De ésta última palabra proviene precisamente la IDOLATRÍA!

Lo más deplorable que le haya podido suceder al género humano es la CEGUER A existente entre los más de trescientos millones de Cristianos, los más de doscientos cincuenta millones de los adoradores de Confucio, los más de cien millones de suplicantes de Mithras el Mediador, y los doscientos setenta millones de seguidores de Mahoma que NO HAN PODIDO ver una solución viable y satisfactoria acerca de la “divinidad” que ellos manejan, como también de todos aquellos “hombres-dioses” de la iniquidad! Es una pena tremenda que la inteligencia dada por nuestro Creador a todo ser humano se desperdicie en tales absurdos!

Es más que histórico el hecho de que los nombres de “Cristo” y “Krisna” tengan un origen en común en la historia de las confesiones religiosas paganas! Retamos a cualquier a que nos muestre una pequeña prueba de que SI existe una diferencia entre Cristo y Krisna que nos lleve a aceptar que aquél fue un hombre, y que éste otro fue un “dios”. El problema que vemos es el hecho verídico que esa tendencia humana de DEIFICAR A LOS HOMBRES es proverbial, al igual que la misma sólo sirve para resolver el problema de la “grandeza humana” – un intento de describir la superioridad intelectual y moral de ciertos hombres que los habilita a ejecutar acciones como es el de exhibir un carácter muy por encima del común de la gente, de los otros seres humanos, otorgándoles una prerrogativa de ser mejores que los demás ¡

Ésta “búsqueda de la perfección” la podemos encontrar, substancialmente, e una y otra vez en las Escrituras Cristianas, el Nuevo testamento! Por ejemplo, Mateo 5:18 nos dice, “Sed vosotros perfectos como perfecto es vuestro Padre en los cielos”. Ésta afirmación requiere que todo hombre y mujer sea moralmente perfecto como lo es el Creador; tal precepto es el mismo que los Budista enseñan en sus escrituras. Olvidan algo esencial que se enseña en las Escrituras Hebreas, y es la afirmación explícita de que “ningún hombre puede llegar a la perfección que es propia del Creador, sin llegar a ser un “dios””. Lo predicado por aquéllos va en contravía de las Escrituras que afirman que “NO HAY HOMBRE QUE NO PEQUE”. Recordamos una vez más que los Mandatos, Preceptos, Estatutos y Leyes, NO SON ESPIRITUALES, sino de carácter FÍSICO!

Con el propósito de “ser perfectos como el padre” fue que apaaaarecieron en la historia del hombre, el “Salvador Krisna” en la India, el “Salvador Osiris” en Egipto, el “Dios o Mediador Mithras” en Persia, el “Redentor Quexalcote” en Méjico, y el “Salvador Jesús” en Judea! En los mismos capítulos introductorios de sus respectivos “libros santos” se habla de la “caída del hombre”, y en algunos de ellos se hace una descripción más que gráfica de “una guerra en los cielos”. Esto viene a ser una contra parte del relato que se hace en el Nuevo Testamento, en uno de sus libros, el de Revelaciones o Apocalipsis, en su capítulo 12 ¡

De el Jesús Cristiano, al igual que los otros “SALVADORES” de Egipto y de la India se creyó que fue, o es, un “hombre-dios”, medio hombre y medio dios, y que supuestamente vino al mundo, al igual que aquéllos, a “destruir al demonio y sus malas obras”, es decir, acabar con las obras de Satanás, y así poner fin a los principios malignos introducidos al mundo por la serpiente en el Jardín del Edén. Cuando los Cristianos señalan la frase de Génesis 3:15, “ENEMISTAD PONDRÉ ENTRE TI Y LA MUJER, ENTRE TU LINAJE Y SU LINAJE, “ÉL” PISARÁ LA CABEZA MIENTRAS ACECHAS…”, la interpretan como si el pronombre “él” se refiriera a Cristo. No es así, se refiere a Jacob. Por ello es un error leer y tomar frases fuera de contexto!

C Á P S U L A S
=XLV=

Por: J.N.Robles Olarte

El ”PLAN DE SALVACIÓN dentro de la religión Cristiana puede sonar muy bonito pero tal fórmula, expuesta en el Nuevo Testamento, es conflictiva y depende del libro que se tome como referencia. Muchos eruditos proclaman que el libro del Apocalipsis o Revelaciones de Juan, esencialmente es la escatología Judía dentro de una estructura Cristiana. En verdad tal “salvación” no es sino una duplicación de los GRANDES MISTERIOS DE BABILONIA. Tanto de Egipto como de Babilonia, y siempre se refieren al “más allá”, suponiendo con esto que hay vida después de fallecer.

Otro aspecto de la “salvación” cristiana es el hecho que para obtenerla se necesitó del sacrificio de una persona inocente para que, con el derramamiento de su sangre, se pueda cubrir los pecados ya cometidos por otros. Olvidan una enseñanza básica de las Escrituras Hebreas, “…ninguna persona puede redimir a otra” (Salmos 49:7/8). Más aún, el sacrificio humano es algo tremendamente DETESTABLE a los ojos del Creador, quien dio y da vida a todo ser que nace; además , el propósito de Su creación el que tenga vida abundante y pueda llegar a ser salvo y obtener, al final, VIDA ETERNA!

La cuestión de “vida eterna” es un tema muy interesante, debatido interminablemente por muchos eruditos, a pesar de la claridad con el que se trata el tema en las Escrituras Hebreas. Quizás aquélla sea, en parte, la razón que existan diversas opiniones y que haya inducido a muchos Judíos a aceptar ciertas doctrinas Cristianas. Josephus (quien vivió en los alrededores del año 37 A.D.), el seudo-judío, es uno de esos “eruditos” que se refiere al “más allá”, concepto que comparten las tres sectas del Judaísmo. (Josephus, Libro XVIII, cap. 1, vers. 3 al 5).

Tanto la SABIDURÍA como el DINERO aprovechan a todo aquél , bajo el sol, que las posee. La “Sabiduría” protege tanto como el “Dinero”, pero el SABER, el conocimiento, aventaja al “dinero” en cuanto ésta da VIDA al que la posee!

La cabeza visible de la IGLESIA CATÓLICA ROMANA. El Papa, es la de un hombre muy poderoso en la tierra. Desde los tiempos de Constantino, el Emperador Romano, y en los albores de los años 300s de la Era Común, o A.D., el OBJETIVO de aquélla ha sido el de crear un ORDEN RELIGIOSO MUNDIAL, en el cual ellos sean la cabeza. Éste orden fue diseñado con el propósito de INCORPORAR todas las religiones del mundo bajo UNA organización: LA IGLESIA CATÓLICA APOSTOLICA ROMANA!

En las Escrituras Hebreas podemos encontrar toda la información necesaria y todo el conocimiento vital para poder llevar una ”vida justa”, y aún poder obtener la “salvación eterna”. Desde el mismo principio de aquéllas encontramos, en Génesis 3, la intención del Eterno Creador con respecto al hombre: que obtenga “VIDA ETERNA” y forme parte de la “familia” que se ha propuesto formar. No existe, ni hay mención alguna acerca del concepto que el Nuevo Testamento predica , cual es el de una “segunda muerte”, y un eterno quemarse en un lago de fuego por toda una eternidad! Existe, si, una muerte que incluye la quema o consumición total de los cuerpos muertos en un fuego que se ha denominado Gehenna, pero no un continuado castigo y sufrimiento! Esto sólo es el producto de una mente perversa que se goza en el sufrimiento de los seres humanos; y nuestro Eterno Creador y Soberano único no es de esa “especie” de dioses. Estudie detenidamente a Isaías 66:24 y Ezequiél 18:4 y 20”!

Todo aquél que haya vivido en éste planeta tierra –lo volvemos a recordar- será “despertado” en algún momento del tiempo. Los justos del PRIMER y SEGUNDO “despertar”, aquéllos que hayan escogido obedecer al Creador, se les dará VIDA ETERNA, y a los malvados e inicuos del SEGUNDO y TERCER “despertar”, aquéllos que se rehusaron obedecer y amar al Creador, serán sentenciados a muerte por fuego. Es un hecho que no todo pecador se volverá a su Creador, pero si podrá evitar la muerte eterna arrepintiéndose ante Él. Él no se complace en la muerte de ninguna de Sus criaturas, como tampoco desea la de los malvados. El Creador es uno Justo y Misericordioso, pero no dejará sin castigo alguno a todo aquél que peque contra Él, a quien se lo merece! Estudie detenidamente Ezequiél 18:21 al 32!

No olvidemos que los mandamientos son mandamientos de carácter físico y que no tienen nada de “espirituales”, como se ha venido enseñando por los cristianos! Por lo anterior, un pecador cualquiera que llegue a arrepentirse, se vuelva a Su Camino, dejando a un lado su rebelión y desobediencia, podrá obtener el perdón del Creador y obtener así la salvación tan deseada!

Espanto De Perderte"

Tu ida es un golpe a mi korason,
Komo puedo olvidar tu disparisyon?
Tu huites mi amor i mi enspirasyon,
Mi vida, mi gozo i mi respirasyon.
*****
Mi alma, mi sangre kon tu fuego yenas,
La noche, el dia bates en mis venas.
No se puedra mas de esto kererte
Todo lo mio keriya ofreserte.
*****
Tus miradas son gravadas en mi tino,
Regalo de los sielos a mi destino.
Siempre bivo kon el plazer de verte
I kon el miedo un dia de perderte.

Haim Vitali Sadacca
Montreal